Logic-grid puzzles

A logic-grid puzzle gives you two or more sets of things — people, places, objects, times — and a list of clues relating them. Each member of one set pairs with exactly one member of each other set, and exactly one overall arrangement satisfies every clue. No outside knowledge is ever required: everything needed is in the clues.

The form is also called a logic problem, a grid puzzle, a matrix puzzle or a Zebra puzzle, after the best-known early example, and it is the mechanism underneath murder-mystery deduction games including Deduce.

Why there is a grid

The grid is not decoration and it is not a scoring device — it is a memory aid, and it is the reason these puzzles are tractable at all. Each cell represents one proposition: this person was in that room. You mark it ruled out, or confirmed, or leave it open. A finished board is a handful of ticks in a field of crosses.

Working without the grid means re-deriving the same facts repeatedly and losing track of which ones you actually established. Every mark you place is a fact you never have to work out twice.

The clue vocabulary

Recognising the shape of a clue is most of the skill. The common types:

How solving actually proceeds

  1. Mark every negative you are given. This is cheap and it is most of the board.
  2. Look for forced cells: when a row or column has a single square left open, that square is true — and it lets you cross out the rest of its row and column.
  3. Chain your inferences. If the chemist was in the conservatory and the conservatory held the candlestick, the chemist held the candlestick, even though no clue said so. This is where the puzzle is won.
  4. Re-read the clues after every breakthrough. A clue that told you nothing on the first pass often becomes decisive once two other facts are settled.

The detailed method guide works through this at length, including the mistakes that cost the most time.

Common variants

Where to play a logic-grid puzzle daily

Deduce is a free logic-grid detective puzzle with a new case every day: suspects, rooms and weapons, with arrival times added at the highest rank. Every case is verified by a constraint solver before publication, so the solution is always reachable by deduction rather than by guessing — see how Deduce puzzles are verified. Past cases stay permanently playable in the archive.

Play today's case